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Breeding of asexual propagated crops are divided into four main groups. Flowerless or sterile Flowers but rarely set seed Normally seeds produce but propagated vegetatively Apomicts – reproduce asexually through the process of apomixis. Breeding methods of asexual propagated plants. Clone selection Hybridization and Clonal selection. Mutation breeding Clone selection Clones are always propagated and … Read More “Breeding of asexual propagated crops” »
Seed certification is the process that ensure seeds that produce by plant breeders are having high quality, original genetic identity, highest genetic purity. All these qualities are retained as throughout a number of specific number of generations. Benefits of using certified seeds Development of seeds contains improved characters – herbicide tolerance, resistance to pests, improved … Read More “Seed Certification” »
Cross pollinated plants species have different gene pool structure and extent of genetic recombination. genes are shuffled every generation, in self pollinated crops variety developed as improved population. (inbred lines),in cross pollination plants are developed as hybrid varieties (HYB). There are two methods for breeding of cross pollinated plants. Selection methods – develop open pollination … Read More “Breeding of cross pollination crops” »
Plant breeding improves the genetic performance of the plants. Creation of the plant variety better than previous plants. Conventional breeding is based on the phenotype and marker assisted selection breeding is based on the genotype. Limitation of the conventional breeding Genotype is often interact with the environmental condition. phenotyping procedure is expensive and time consuming … Read More “Marker Assisted Selection” »
Germplasm is the living resource for genetic information in a plant. pass from one generation to another. Germplasm conservation is the preservation of these genetic information. Genetic erosion – Decline in the genetic variation in cultivation or natural population. Causes of genetic erosion. Crop domestication and spread of superior variations. Exploitation of the natural environment: … Read More “Germplasm Conservation.” »
The following are the main breeding methods for self pollinating plants: Mass selection Pure – line selection Hybridization Marker assisted selection synthetic populations Mass selection Mass selection is the process of selection of the crops breeding based on their overall phenotype rather than based on specific traits. Mass selection will improve the frequency of the … Read More “Breeding methods for self pollinating plants.” »
Qualitative traits vs Quantitative traits Qualitative traits Quantitative traits Traits can be grouped Traits can be measured Determine by few gene Determine by many genes Each gene has a large contribution on traits Each gene has small contribution on phenotype Expression of the trait does not influence by the environment Expression of the trait influenced … Read More “Traits in the Plant Breeding” »
Plants have mechanisms to avoid inbreeding mechanisms to favor out-cross breading Pre – pollination mechanisms – based on the floral biology Post – pollination mechanisms – self incompatibility Post – fertilization mechanisms. – Embryo abortion, inbreeding depression. Pre – pollination mechanisms Degree of the separation of male and female organs. Temporal separation of male and … Read More “Evolution favors outcross breeding” »
Plant Breeding The application of art and science to improve plants for human benefit, such as increasing yield, making them more disease-resistant, and improving flavor. this is achieve by control through crossbreeding, genetic engineering, and so many methods. Crop domestication Crop domestication is the process that select the wild plant species that contains better suited … Read More “Introduction to Plant Breeding” »
