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Qualitative traits vs Quantitative traits Qualitative traits Quantitative traits Traits can be grouped Traits can be measured Determine by few gene Determine by many genes Each gene has a large contribution on traits Each gene has small contribution on phenotype Expression of the trait does not influence by the environment Expression of the trait influenced … Read More “Traits in the Plant Breeding” »
Plants have mechanisms to avoid inbreeding mechanisms to favor out-cross breading Pre – pollination mechanisms – based on the floral biology Post – pollination mechanisms – self incompatibility Post – fertilization mechanisms. – Embryo abortion, inbreeding depression. Pre – pollination mechanisms Degree of the separation of male and female organs. Temporal separation of male and … Read More “Evolution favors outcross breeding” »
Plant Breeding The application of art and science to improve plants for human benefit, such as increasing yield, making them more disease-resistant, and improving flavor. this is achieve by control through crossbreeding, genetic engineering, and so many methods. Crop domestication Crop domestication is the process that select the wild plant species that contains better suited … Read More “Introduction to Plant Breeding” »
The term “plant microbiome” refers to the collective community of microorganisms that live on and within plants. Microbial diversity is a trait that forms part of the extended phenotype of the host, and important on the health, fitness and the evolution Phyllosphere The phyllosphere is the aerial portion of the plant’s surface. It includes leaves, … Read More “Plant Microbiome” »
Major steps in the sulfur cycle. Sulfur deposition – Sulfate and elemental sulfur in are deposited in the atmosphere, plants, and other organisms. Sulfur oxidation – sulfur oxidizing bacteria convert hydrogen sulfide into elemental sulfur and sulfate. The green and purple sulfur bacteria oxidized the hydrogen sulfide for the photosynthesis; they live in the light. … Read More “Sulfur Cycle” »
Main steps of nitrogen cycle Nitrogen fixation. Nitrification. Denitrification. Ammonification. Nitrogen assimilation. Nitrogen fixation Mainly two steps in nitrogen fixation; Biological N2 fixation (BNF) and Non-biological N2 fixation (NBNF). Biological N2 fixation is mainly done by prokaryotes using nitrogenase enzyme complex; it catalyzes the N2 to NH3 and this process is energy consuming reaction. These … Read More “Nitrogen Cycle” »
General major steps of the carbon cycle. Photosynthesis Respiration Decomposition Fossil fuel formation Fossil fuel burning Absorption into ocean Up taken by the plants Rock Weathering Methanogenesis The production of Methane Hydrogen, Carbon dioxide production – broken down the organic material and releasing hydrogen, carbon dioxide. Acetate production – carbon dioxide and hydrogen are converted … Read More “Carbon Cycle” »
Quorum sensing is a type of cell-to-cell communication mechanism used by bacteria and other microorganisms to coordinate their behavior and activities. It involves the production and detection of signaling molecules called autoinducers, Which allow for the regulation of gene expression, allow bacteria to sense the density of the population, and enable bacteria to coordinate collective … Read More “QUORUM SENSING” »
Mainly there are five factors that affecting the biological risk of the microorganisms nature of the microorganisms number of the microorganisms nature the route of the infection. Susceptibility of the microorganisms to treatments Susceptibility of the host Nature of the microorganisms base on the hazardous level there are 4 categories BSL – Bio Safety Level … Read More “FACTORS AFFECTING BIOLOGICAL
RISK OF MICROORGANISMS” »
The Spearman correlation is a non-parametric alternative to the linear correlation coefficient. Assumptions of Spearman Correlation Random sampling Independent measurements Data should be measurements counts or ordinal Steps in Spearman Correlation
