The Environment science is branch of science concerned with relation between organisms and their environment. it is a applied science that gives understanding of the nature of the problem and the helps ways to seek the solutions. It is a multidisciplinary approach including biology, chemistry,geology, physics, etc.
Ecological principles of the environmental science.
1. Every parts of the environment is linked, biotic and abiotic components that are linked through nutrient cycle.
2. Factors that affect the growth of individuals and populations.
- Liebig’s law of minimum
- shelford law of tolerance
3. Bioregulation
Liebig’s law of minimum
Plant growth is not controlled by the total amount of nutrients and resources but it is controlled by availability of limited resources and nutrients.
Shelford’s of tolerance
An organism’s success is based on complex set of conditions.
Too little of resources will be limited factors and also too much of the resources will be limited factors.
Organisms’ level of tolerance range can be different stenothermal species and eurythermal species
Bioregulation
Interaction of the population can change due to development of the community. E.g. – ecological successions. Each set of organisms change physical substrate and the microclimate since make condition favourable for another populations.
Biosphere
Biosphere is the biologically inhabited part of the earth. It contains all the life on earth and all the ecosystems of the earth. It included living matters, biogenic matters (petroleum, humas) minerals and gases. it is a tiny fraction of the earth. It has three main zones
- Lithosphere
- Hydrosphere
- Atmosphere
Incompleted enveloped in Biosphere.
- The places where in the biosphere certains type of organisms can not survive due to extreme environmental conditions. e.g. – polar regions, highest mountains, deserts, highly polluted area.
Importance of the Biosphere.
- Productive function – provide various resources and materials
- Protective functions – Soil and water conservation, regulation of the water flow, purification of the air and water.
- Reservoir for wastes , however if the capacity exceeded leads to pollution.
Conditions that necessary for the existence of the biosphere.
- Favourable temperature
- Supply of O2, CO2
- Presence of water in liquid form
- Absence of the poisonous gases
- Enough supply of energy